37 创建迭代器类型

使用iter(obj, sentinel), 返回一个可迭代对象, sentinel可省略(一旦迭代到此元素，立即终止)

In [1]: lst = [1,3,5]

In [2]: for i in iter(lst):
    ...:     print(i)
    ...:
1
3
5

In [1]: class TestIter(object):
    ...:     def __init__(self):
    ...:         self.l=[1,3,2,3,4,5]
    ...:         self.i=iter(self.l)
    ...:     def __call__(self):  #定义了__call__方法的类的实例是可调用的
    ...:         item = next(self.i)
    ...:         print ("__call__ is called,fowhich would return",item)
    ...:         return item
    ...:     def __iter__(self): #支持迭代协议(即定义有__iter__()函数)
    ...:         print ("__iter__ is called!!")
    ...:         return iter(self.l)
In [2]: t = TestIter()
In [3]: t() # 因为实现了__call__，所以t实例能被调用
__call__ is called,which would return 1
Out[3]: 1

In [4]: for e in TestIter(): # 因为实现了__iter__方法，所以t能被迭代
    ...:     print(e)
    ...:
__iter__ is called!!
1
3
2
3
4
5