11 是否可调用

判断对象是否可被调用，能被调用的对象就是一个callable 对象，比如函数 str, int 等都是可被调用的，但是例子4 中xiaoming实例是不可被调用的：

In [1]: callable(str)
Out[1]: True

In [2]: callable(int)
Out[2]: True

In [3]: xiaoming
Out[3]: id = 001, name = xiaoming

In [4]: callable(xiaoming)
Out[4]: False

如果想让xiaoming能被调用 xiaoming(), 需要重写Student类的__call__方法：

In [1]: class Student():
    ...:     def __init__(self,id,name):
    ...:         self.id = id
    ...:         self.name = name
    ...:     def __repr__(self):
    ...:         return 'id = '+self.id +', name = '+self.name
    ...:     def __call__(self):
    ...:         print('I can be called')
    ...:         print(f'my name is {self.name}')
    ...:
    ...:

In [2]: t = Student('001','xiaoming')

In [3]: t()
I can be called
my name is xiaoming